Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine

Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine

Acute cholecystitis - an isolated unusual presentation of thrombotic microangiopathy of gall bladder due to antiphospholipid syndrome with lupus positivity detected by [99mTc]Tc-mebrofenin scan

Document Type : Case Report

Authors
Subramanyam Padma
Palaniswamy Shanmuga Sundaram
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
Abstract
Occurrence of small-vessel occlusions (thrombotic microangiopathy, TMA) in association with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL ab) has been documented. But isolated involvement of gall bladder due to TMA in secondary aPLS (antiphospholipid syndrome) in post-partum status has been unreported. aPL and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are two closely related diseases that not only share lupus susceptibility genes but can also produce thrombosis. Here we present a young lady, recently delivered with SLE experiencing moderate to severe right abdominal pain and occasional vomiting. A hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan revealed non visualization of gall bladder (GB) confirming the diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC). Investigations revealed high titre of anti-β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) IgG and anti-Cardiolipin (aCL) IgG antibodies confirming aPL syndrome. Antinuclear antibody, double-strand dsDNA was found to be positive confirming SLE. Open cholecystectomy was performed and histology revealed AAC, vasculitis with small vessel ischemia of gallbladder. GB non visualization on HIDA scan (ACC) due to solitary thrombotic microangiopathy of GB is being highlighted in this case of active SLE and secondary aPLS. Early diagnosis is mandatory to avoid repetitive thrombotic occlusions in active cases of SLE with aPLS.
Keywords
Thrombotic microangiopathy
Gall bladder
Mebrofenin scan
Acute cholecystitis
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Subjects
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